Non-Insulin Antidiabetes Treatment in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

In order to evaluate the efficacy and side effects of the non-insulin antidiabetes medications as an adjunct treatment in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), we conducted systematic searches in MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for randomized controlled trials published between the date of inception and March 2020 to produce a systematic review and meta-analysis. Overall, 57 studies were included. Compared with placebo, antidiabetes agents in adjunct to insulin treatment resulted in significant reduction in glycosylated hemoglobin (weighted mean difference [WMD], –0.30%; 95% confidence interval [CI], –0.34 to –0.25%; P<0.01) and body weight (WMD, –2.15 kg; 95% CI, –2.77 to –1.53 kg; P<0.01), and required a significantly lower dosage of insulin (WMD, –5.17 unit/day; 95% CI, –6.77 to –3.57 unit/day; P<0.01). Compared with placebo, antidiabetes agents in adjunct to insulin treatment increased the risk of hypoglycemia (relative risk [RR], 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.08; P=0.02) and gastrointestinal side effects (RR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.61 to 2.46; P<0.01) in patients with T1DM. Compared with placebo, the use of non-insulin antidiabetes agents in addition to insulin could lead to glycemic improvement, weight control and lower insulin dosage, while they might be associated with increased risks of hypoglycemia and gastrointestinal side effects in patients with T1DM.

Epidemiological characteristics of traumatic spinal cord injury in China in 2018 / 中华创伤杂志

Objective:To analyze the incidence and epidemiological characteristics of traumatic spinal cord injury in China in 2018.Methods:Multi-stage stratified cluster sampling was used to randomly select hospitals capable of treating patients with spinal cord injury from 3 regions，9 provinces and 27 cities in China to retrospectively investigate eligible patients with traumatic spinal cord injury admitted in 2018. National and regional incidence rates were calculated. The data of cause of injury，injury level，severity of injury，segment and type of fracture，complications，death and other data were collected by medical record questionnaire，and analyzed according to geographical region，age and gender.Results:Medical records of 4，134 patients were included in this study，with a male-to-female ratio of 2.99∶1. The incidence of traumatic spinal cord injury in China in 2018 was 50.484 / 1 million （95% CI 50.122-50.846）. The highest incidence in the Eastern region was 53.791 / 1 million （95% CI 53.217-54.365）. In the whole country，the main causes of injury were high falls （29.58%），as well as in the Western region （40.68%），while the main causes of injury in the Eastern and Central regions were traffic injuries （31.22%，30.10%）. The main injury level was cervical spinal cord in the whole country （64.49%），and the proportion of cervical spinal cord injury in the Central region was the highest （74.68%），and the proportion of lumbosacral spinal cord injury in the Western region was the highest （32.30%）. The highest proportion of degree of injury was incomplete quadriplegia （55.20%），and the distribution pattern was the same in each region. A total of 65.87% of the patients were complicated with fracture or dislocation，77.95% in the Western region and only 54.77% in the Central region. In the whole country，the head was the main combined injury （37.87%），as well as in the Eastern and Central regions，while the proportion of chest combined injury in the Western region was the highest （38.57%）. A total of 32.90% of the patients were complicated with respiratory complications. There were 23 patients （0.56%） died in hospital，of which 17（73.91%） died of respiratory dysfunction. Conclusions:The Eastern region of China has a high incidence of traumatic spinal cord injury. Other epidemiological features include high fall as the main cause of injury cervical spinal cord injury as the main injury level，incomplete quadriplegia as the main degree of injury，head as the main combined injury，and respiratory complications as the main complication.

Non-Insulin Antidiabetes Treatment in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

In order to evaluate the efficacy and side effects of the non-insulin antidiabetes medications as an adjunct treatment in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), we conducted systematic searches in MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for randomized controlled trials published between the date of inception and March 2020 to produce a systematic review and meta-analysis. Overall, 57 studies were included. Compared with placebo, antidiabetes agents in adjunct to insulin treatment resulted in significant reduction in glycosylated hemoglobin (weighted mean difference [WMD], –0.30%; 95% confidence interval [CI], –0.34 to –0.25%; P<0.01) and body weight (WMD, –2.15 kg; 95% CI, –2.77 to –1.53 kg; P<0.01), and required a significantly lower dosage of insulin (WMD, –5.17 unit/day; 95% CI, –6.77 to –3.57 unit/day; P<0.01). Compared with placebo, antidiabetes agents in adjunct to insulin treatment increased the risk of hypoglycemia (relative risk [RR], 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.08; P=0.02) and gastrointestinal side effects (RR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.61 to 2.46; P<0.01) in patients with T1DM. Compared with placebo, the use of non-insulin antidiabetes agents in addition to insulin could lead to glycemic improvement, weight control and lower insulin dosage, while they might be associated with increased risks of hypoglycemia and gastrointestinal side effects in patients with T1DM.

Comparison of Placebo Effect between Asian and Caucasian Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Meta-Analysis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>Background</b>Placebo was defined as any therapy that is used for its nonspecific psychological and physiologic effect but has no specific pharmacologic impact on the condition being treated. Besides medication therapies, studies have found that the optimal dietary approach as well as physical activity and education are useful to control hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The aim of this study was to evaluate the placebo effects of antidiabetic therapies in Asian and Caucasian T2DM patients and make a comparison between the two ethnicities.</p><p><b>Methods</b>A search using the MEDLINE database, EMBASE, and Cochrane Database was performed, from when recording began until December 2016. The main concepts searched in English were sulfonylurea (SU); alpha glucosidase inhibitors (AGI); metformin (MET); thiazolidinediones (TZD); dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i); sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i); glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA); type 2 diabetes (T2DM); placebo controlled; and randomized controlled trials. Using the Cochrane instrument, we evaluated the adequacy of randomization, allocation concealment procedures, and blinding.</p><p><b>Results</b>This study included 63 studies with a total of 7096 Asian patients involved and 262 studies with a total of 27,477 Caucasian patients involved. In Caucasian population, the use of placebo led to significant reductions of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), -0.683% (P = 0.008) in SU monotherapy treatment, -0.193% (P = 0.001) in DPP-4i treatment, and -0.230% (P < 0.001) in SGLT2i treatment, respectively. In Asian population, the use of placebo resulted in significant decreases of HbA1c, -0.162% (P = 0.012) in DPP-4i treatment and -0.269% (P = 0.028) in GLP-1RA add-on therapy, respectively. The placebo also significantly reduced body weight. In Caucasian population, placebo use resulted in 0.833 kg (P = 0.006) weight loss by SU treatment and 0.953 kg (P = 0.006) weight loss by GLP-1RA treatment. In Asian population, the placebo led to a weight change of 0.612 kg (P < 0.001) by GLP-1RA analog treatment. The changes of HbA1c and weight due to the placebo effect in other treatments were not significant in both Asian and Caucasian population. Comparisons of the placebo effect on HbA1c change and weight change in each treatment group indicated that no significant difference was found between Asian and Caucasian population.</p><p><b>Conclusions</b>The overall differences of the placebo effect on HbA1c changes as well as on body weight changes were not significant between Asian and Caucasian T2DM patients. The placebo effect on HbA1c changes and weight changes was not associated with baseline age, gender, baseline body mass index, baseline HbA1c, duration of diabetes, or study duration.</p>

Effect of different types of anticoagulants in the prevention of venous thrombosis in the operation of knee joint bone operation

Deep venous thrombosis is one of the common complications after major surgery in the Department of Orthopedics. The selective knee replacement of the lower extremities is more likely to cause the occurrence of DVT. The most commonly used anticoagulants in the Department of Orthopedics now include low molecular weight heparin [LMWH], Rivaroxaban, ordinary heparin, aspirin and warfarin. At present, the clinical application of low molecular weight heparin is the most, and the effect is the most accurate. This study compared the efficacy and safety of three commonly used anticoagulants such as aspirin, LMWH and Rivaroxaban in preventing VTE after hip and knee arthroplasty, so as to provide a theoretical basis for selecting suitable anticoagulant drugs in clinic. It has been proved that LMWH has good efficacy and safety in the prevention of VTE after hip and knee arthroplasty and is a priority anticoagulant. Rivaroxaban can effectively control the occurrence of DVT and the drug is convenient, but it will increase the risk of bleeding and should be used carefully

Relationship between abnormal activation of HGF/c-Met signaling pathway and EGFR-TKI acquired resistance in non-small cell lung cancer / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Targeted therapy such as the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI)has made huge progress in treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).However,the emergence of acquired drug resistance is an inevitable result of the targeted therapy.The hepatocyte growth fac-tor/c-mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (HGF /c-Met)signaling pathway participates in cell formation, migration,angiogenesis and other important cellular processes of multiple tumors.The abnormal activation of this signaling pathway plays the pivotal role in the acquired resistance to EGFR-TKI.Recently,some clinic tri-als prove that HGF /c-Met inhibitors can make clinical benefit of some NSCLC patients with acquired drug re-sistance of EGFR-TKI.

Effects of self-blood on the molding process of polymethyl methacrylate bone cement / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate whether the self-blood has influence on the molding process of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement, and to make sure whether it is valuable for the clinical practice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>An in vitro study was performed to evaluate the prolonging-effect of self-blood on PMMA bone cement. The effect of prolonging was evaluated by the dough time (TD) and operable time (TO). Moreover, hardness test, squeezing value test and peak temperature test were also conducted to complete the evaluation of this program.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The self-blood, especially the plasma, could greatly prolong the handling time of PMMA bone cement without affecting its basic characteristics including hardness, leakage level and peak temperature. On the other hand, we found that in some abnormal conditions, for example with hyperlipemia, self-blood though can also prolong the handling time, would cause some side-effects.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>We report a new effective way to prolong the handling time of PMMA bone cement by adding moderate amount of self-blood. But "individualized medicine" should be noticed because some abnormal conditions like hyperlipemia would cause undesired side-effects.</p>

The TCM syndrome classification of different immune status of chronic HBV infection and T,B and NK cells subgroup correlation studies / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the different immune status of TCM classification and the levels of T and B cells and the re-lationship between the NK cells .Methods Three different immune state of patients with chronic HBV were divided into asthenia syndrome(AS) group and sthenia syndrome(SS) group ,and then we detected the peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and NK cells ,and compared the above each index analysis .Results In three different immune status ,all patients with AS and SS groups CD4+ T cell percentages are lower than normal control group (P control group> the AS group (P<0 .05) .Three different immune status ,the ratio of CD4+ /CD8+ SS group were significantly lower than the AS group or control group ,in a state of immune clearance the SS and the AS group B lymphocyte percentage were higher than the control group ,the percentage of NK cells was lower than the control group (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Chronic HBV infection have immune dysfunction ;HBV infected different immune status of TCM classification have relationship with T and B cell subsets and NK cells ,and the immune function test has certain clinical application value for the judgment of TCM syndrome type .

Study on the injury mechanism of Ang-Ⅱ to mice podocyte in the high glucose environment / 中国医师杂志

Objective To cultivate mice glomerular podocyte with high glucose and high Ang-Ⅱ,observe the morphocytology of podocyte,and investigate protein kinase C (PKC) activity,the expressions of nephrin and CD2-associated protein (CD2AP),and apoptosis of podocyte with injuries cultivations.Methods The conditions immortalization mice podocyte cell lines was cultivated,after passage and differential induce,the cell lines was divided into six groups:normal group,high glucose group,high Ang-Ⅱ] group,the above two mixed group,intervened group of PKC inhibitor,and hypertonic group.After 72 hours,cell apoptosis rate was detected with flow cytometer; PKC activity was detected with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 24 hours and 48 hours ; The expressions of nephrin and CD2AP mRNA were detected by real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results (1)After 24 hours,the PKC of high glucose group and high Ang-Ⅱ group were more activated than normal group [(47.09 ± 1.19) pmol/L,(42.93 ±0.71) pmol/L,P ＜0.05].The activated phenomenon was more obvious in the mixed group.Compared to 24 hours [(58.75 ±0.71) pmol/ L,P ＜ 0.01],PKC was more activated in 48 hours (P ＜ 0.05).(2) Nephrin mRNA was reduced in podocyte exposed to high glucose and high Ang-Ⅱ at least 24 hours (56.87 ± 0.74,48.54 ± 0.86,P ＜ 0.05),and was reduced more in mixed group (11.7 ± 1.54,P ＜ 0.01).(3) CD2AP mRNA was reduced in podocyte exposed to high glucose,high Ang-Ⅱ,and mixed environment at least 48 hours (56.09 ± 1.46,67.68 ±2.58,and 54.08 ±2.74,P ＜0.05).The decrease trend of nephrin and CD2AP mRNA was restrained by PKC inhibitor(90.75 ± 1.33,P ＜0.05).(4) After 48 hours and 72 hours,the apoptosis rates of high glucose group,high Ang-Ⅱ group,and mixed group were risen compared to normal group (P ＜ 0.05).The increase of apoptosis rate can be restrained by PKC inhibitor.Conclusions High glucose,and high Ang-Ⅱ can activate the podocytes PKC activity,inhibit the expression of nephrin and CD2AP mRNAs,and induce podocyte apoptosis.PKC signaling pathway plays an important role in the injury mechanism of Ang-Ⅱ and high glucose to mice podocyte.

Research on peripheral T, B cell subsets and NK cells under different immune status and hepatitis B cirrhosis with chronic HBV infection / 实用医学杂志

Objective To explore the percentage changes of peripheral T , B cell subsets and NK cells in chronic HBV infectors under different immune states and hepatitis B cirrhosis . Methods Seventy-five chronic HBV infectors, including 20 cases with immune clearance, 20 cases with immunodeficiency (inactive) and 35 cases with cirrhosis, and 20 healthy control were enrolled. The percentages of peripheral T and B lymphocyte subsets and NK cells were detected by Flow Cytometry. The differences of the groups were analyzed. Results Comparing with the control group, CD4+T cells were decreased in the other four groups (P<0.05). The sequence of CD4+T cells, from high to low, was the control group, the immunodeficiency group, the immune clearance group, the compensated cirrhosis group and the de-compensated cirrhosis group. CD4+/CD8+T cell and NK cell were lower , but CD8+T cell and B cell were higher in immune clearance group than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Patients in immunodeficiency group had lower ratio of CD4+/CD8+T cell and higher CD8+T cell than those in the control group (P < 0.05). In all the groups, patients with de-compensated cirrhosis showed highest ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ T cells and B cells, but lowest CD3+T, CD8+ T and NK cells (P < 0.05). Conclusions Results suggests immune dysfunction exists in patients with chronic HBV infection. It has potential clinical value in understanding patients′ immune states and progression of disease by detecting peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and NK cells.

Meta-analysis of clinical effects of transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion versus posterior lumbar interbody fusion on lumbar spondylolisthesis and lumbar instability in Chinese population / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the clinical effects of transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) versus posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) on lumbar spondylolisthesis and lumbar instability in Chinese patients.Methods Literatures about clinical effects of TLIF and PLIT on lumbar spondylolisthesis and lumbar instability were collected from Chinese academic literature database (CNKI),Chinese biomedical literature database (CMBdisc),Wanfang database and Chinese journals of orthopedics.Data from those literatures including operation time,bleeding volume,surgical complications,postoperative interspace height,visual analog scale (VAS) score,Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and improvement rate of Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score were analyzed by Stata SE 11.2 software.Results A total of 12 literatures met the inclusion criteria and 1041 cases were included (PLIF group,n=520; PLIF group,n=521).The operation time was longer in PLIF group than in TLIF group [standardized mean difference (SMD)=1.26,95％CI:0.58-1.94,P＜0.001].The bleeding volume was more in PLIF group than in TLIF group SMD=1.70,95％CI:0.94 2.46,P＜0.001).The surgical complications were more in PLIF group than in TLIF group (SMD=4.50,95％CI:2.65-7.64,P＜0.001).There were no statistical differences in postoperative interspace height,VAS score,ODI score,improvement rate of JOA score and fusion rate between the two groups [SMD=-0.07,-0.07,0.15,1.43,95％CI:-0.44-0.30,-0.27-0.13,-0.06-0.35,0.75-2.73,0.63-2.15,respectively,all P＞0.05].Conclusions TLIF has significant advantages on decreasing operation time,bleeding volume and risk of surgical complications as compared with PLIF.TLIF and PLIF have the same clinical efficacy on restoring and maintaining postoperative interspace height.

Correlation between polymorphism in the promoter of DNA methyltransferase-3B and the risk of colorectal cancer / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the correlation between the polymorphism in the DNA methyltransferase-3B (DNMT3B) gene promoter single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-149C→T (rs2424913) and-579G→T(rs1569686) and the genetic susceptibility to colorectal cancer in Jiangsu population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Genomic DNA was extracted from the leukocyte cell of blood samples collected from 544 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients (including 280 cases of colon cancer and 264 cases of rectal cancer) since January 2009 and July 2010, in a hospital, Jiangsu Province. The same samples were collected from the other 533 control subjects. Polymerase chain reaction with restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and DNA sequencing analysis were employed to assess the polymorphism of DNMT3B gene promoter-149C→T and-579G→T.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>For DNMT3B-149C→T, no significant deviation was observed in the genotype distributions of polymorphisms between CRC cases (TT: 98.90% (538/544); CT: 1.10% (6/544)) and controls (TT: 97.75% (521/533); CT: 2.25% (12/533)) (χ(2) = 2.07, P = 0.15). The CC genotype was not detected in either patients or control subjects. The DNMT3B-149CT genotype was not associated with the risk of CRC (adjusted OR = 0.48, 95%CI: 0.18 - 1.30). For DNMT3B-579G→T, the genotype distributions of polymorphisms in CRC patients (TT: 90.07% (490/544); GT: 9.19% (50/544); GG: 0.74% (4/544)) were significantly different from those in control group (TT: 81.80% (436/533); GT: 17.82% (95/533); GG: 0.38% (2/533)) (χ(2) = 15.49, P < 0.05). The results showed that the-579 G allele could significantly decrease the risk of CRC (adjusted OR = 0.50, 95%CI: 0.35 - 0.72) in comparison with the -579 TT genotype. In addition, stratification analysis showed that for DNMT3B-579G→T, the genotype distributions of polymorphisms in colon cancer (TT: 92.50% (259/280); GT: 7.50% (21/280)) were significantly different from those in the controls (TT: 81.80% (436/533); GT: 17.82% (95/533); GG: 0.38% (2/533)) (χ(2) = 13.53, P < 0.05); and similar result was found in rectal cancer (TT: 87.50% (231/264); GT: 10.98% (29/264); GG: 1.52% (4/264)) and controls (TT: 81.80% (436/533); GT: 17.82% (95/533); GG: 0.38% (2/533)) (χ(2) = 5.64, P = 0.018). G allele carriers could decrease the risk of colon cancer (adjusted OR = 0.38, 95%CI: 0.23 - 0.63), and the risk of rectal cancer (adjusted OR = 0.65, 95%CI: 0.42 - 0.99). However, for DNMT3B-149C→T , there were no significant deviation in the genotype distributions of polymorphisms between colon cancer (TT: 98.57% (276/280); CT: 1.43% (4/280)) and controls (TT: 97.75% (521/533); CT: 2.25% (12/533)) (χ(2) = 0.82, P = 0.366); and there was no significant deviation between rectal cancer (TT: 99.24% (262/264); CT: 0.76% (2/264)) and controls (TT: 97.75% (521/533); CT: 2.25% (12/533)) either (χ(2) = 1.89, P = 0.169).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our research demonstrates that the-579 G allele is a potential protective factor for the occurrence of CRC, however, the polymorphism of DNMT3B-149 gene shows no close correlation with the occurrence and development of CRC among Chinese population.</p>

Design, synthesis and evaluation of malonic acid-based PTP1B inhibitors / 药学学报

Protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) 1B is a potential target for the treatment of diabetes and obesity. Phosphotyrosine (pTyr) is the substrate for PTP1B dephosphorylation. Malonic acid moiety was used herein as a mimic of the phosphate group in pTyr, and novel malonic acid derivatives 1-7 were designed, synthesized and evaluated as PTP1B inhibitors. Results from enzymatic assays indicated that compounds 3 and 4 exhibited potent inhibition against human recombinant PTP1B with IC50 values of 7.66 and 1.88 micromol x L(-1), respectively.

Transfection of rat bone marrow stromal cells with human bone morphogenetic protein-7 recombinant adenovirus and its expression / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To investigate the expression of human bone morphogenetic protein-7(hBMP-7)in rat bone malTOW stromal cells(BMSC)with a recombinant adenovirai vector carrying the hBMP-7 gene(Ad-hBMP-7) and study the effecta of Ad-hBMP-7 transfection on BMSC difierentiation.in order to explore the possibility for hBMP-7 gene therpy.Methods The rat BMSC cultured in vitro.They were divided into 3 groups:untreated group,Ad-hBMP-7 and Ad-GFP transduced treated group.The rat BMSC were transfected by Ad-hBMP-7 and Ad-GFP. The expression of hBMP-7 was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis.and the alkaline phosphatage (ALP)activity of the BMSC was observed.ResulIs In the Ad-hBMP-7 transduced treated group.hBMP-7 mRNA expression wag manifested detected by RT-PCR(470 bp),Westem blot analysis demonstrated that these cells indeed produced the hBMP-7 protein(Mr.15×103);10 days after transduction treatment,most of the BMSC were had brown black particles stained positively by ALP activity.But in Ad-GFP transduced treated group and untreated group they did not.Conclusions Ad-hBMP-7 could efficiently transfect BMSC and promote the conversion to osteoblast.The expression of hBMP-7 in rat BMSC provides a basis for hBMP-7 gene therapv.

Effect of regional gene therapy with bone morphogenetic protein 7 producing mesenchymal stem cells on spinal fusion in rats / 解剖学报

Objective To evaluate effectiveness of ex vivo adenoviral gene transfer creating human bone morphogenetic protein 7-producing mesenchymal stem cells (Ad-hBMP-7 cells) compounded with nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen(NHAC) composite to induce spinal fusion in a rat posterolateral spine fusion model. Methods Mesenchymal stem cells were cultured and transduced by Ad-hBMP-7. Then Ad-hBMP-7 cells were cocultured with NHAC. Totally 56 Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Intertransverse spinal arthrodesis was attempted in four groups of Wistar rats with autogenous bone (group A); NHAC(group B); NHAC and BMSCs (group C); Ad-hBMP-7 cells and NHAC (group D). Each specimen underwent plain radiography, manual palpation and histological analysis. Results All spines in group D had fusion. In contrast, none of the spines in group A and group B had fusion. Three of ten rats in group C achieved fusion at the 12th week post-operatively.Conclusion BMP-7-producing mesenchymal stem cells compounded with NHAC composite may induce intertransverse fusion in the rat spine model.

Prevalence of deciduous tooth caries in 780 children aged 5 years / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The aim of this survey was to obtain some information about the prevalence of deciduous tooth caries of 5-year-old children in Sichuan province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Based on World Health Organization and national oral health survey standards, dental caries prevalence and treatment needs were investigated randomly in selected children of Sichuan province in 2005. And the differences between this survey result and the dental caries prevalence of 5-year-old children of Sichuan province in 1995 were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The prevalence rate of deciduous tooth caries of 5-year-old children in Sichuan province was 58.72%. The mean number of dmft of 5-year-old was 2.77. The filling rate was only 2.32%. The prevalence rate and mean dmft of deciduous tooth caries showed no significant difference between different area and gender; but the children came from city showed significant higher filling rate than those from countryside, so did the female children compared with the male children. Compared these results with the dental caries of 5-year-old children in Sichuan province in 1995, the prevalence rate and mean dmft of deciduous tooth caries in Sichuan province in 2005 had no significant difference, but the filling rate decreased significantly.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The deciduous tooth caries prevalence rate of 5-year-old children is still relatively high in Sichuan province; there remains a proportion of active untreated decays. The dental health care education to the parents and teachers should be emphasized. In order to get the earlier diagnosis and treatment, regular examination and prevention method should be conducted.</p>

Effect of ozone on the remineralization of enamel in vitro / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of ozone on remineralization of enamel in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Caries-like lesions were prepared in the enamel of extracted cattle incisors with demineralizing solution. The specimens were treated with deionized water, 1000 mg/kg fluoride, 4.5 mg/L ozone, and pH-cycled. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the surface of enamel specimens. The effect of remineralization was assessed by three lesion parameters (fluorescent area, total and average fluorescence), which were measured with confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). The data were collected and analyzed by SNK test in ANOVA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>SEM observation showed that the surface morphology of the deionized water group and ozone group were similar: porous and atactic; but the surface morphology of fluoride group was smooth and the aperture became smaller. The three parameters in the three groups were as follows, respectively. Delta A were (0.31 +/- 0.28), (1.73 +/- 0.63) and (0.28 +/- 0.19) x 10(4) microm2, Delta TF were (0.42 +/- 0.34), (2.53 +/- 0.73) and (0.48 +/- 0.27) x 10(5), Delta AF were (3.35 +/- 2.55), (46.51 +/- 16.64) and (4.95 +/- 3.05). The fluoride group was significantly greater than deionized water group and ozone group (P < 0.05); but there was no significant difference between the deionized water group and ozone group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The results of this in vitro study suggest that ozone has no effect on remineralization of enamel blocks.</p>

Disruption of microfilament cytoskeleton induced by simulated microgravity increases the activity of COL1A1 promoter / 生理学报

It is well known that cytoskeleton system is the sensor of gravity in cells. Under microgravity condition, cytoskeleton is associated with the changes of cell shape, function, signaling and so on; but the relationship between cytoskeleton and gene expression is not fully understood. In present study, we discussed the effects of cell microfilament on the activity of collagen type I alpha 1 chain gene (COL1A1) promoter under microgravity simulated by clinostat and/or cytochalasin B as microfilament depolymerizer in the established EGFP-ROS cell line using the method of fluorescence semi-quantitative analysis and the fluorescent stain of microfilament. Compared with the normal control, the microfilament of ROS17/2.8 cell tended to disassemble, marginal distribution of fiber stress, and showed reducing stress fibers after spaceflight in Photon-M1 or clinorotation simulated microgravity, which suggested that microgravity destroyed the well-order cell cytoskeleton and induced a rearrangement. Treatment with suitable concentration of cytochalasin B in normal gravity induced disruption of microfilament, increased the activity of COL1A1 promoter and resulted in a dose-dependent increase of EGFP fluorescence. Therefore, a certain extent disruption of the microfilament system was associated with increased activity of the COL1A1 promoter. All above demonstrate that microfilament cytoskeleton system takes part in the regulation of COL1A1 promoter activity and plays an important role in the signaling of microgravity.

Clinical study of Bryan prosthetic disc in the treatment of ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament of cervical spine / 中国矫形外科杂志

[Objective] To observe the clinical effect of Bryan cervical prosthetic disc in treating ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament(OPLL)of cervical spine.[Method]From October 2005 to June 2007,15 localized OPLL patients were treated surgically by cervical arthroplasty using Bryan disc prosthesis.JOA score and radiological study were performed before and after operation.The range of movement(ROM)of replaced level were investigated postoperatively.[Result]Neurological deficit was alleviated in all patients.All patients were followed up at least 6 months,JOA score increased from an average of 8.5 to 15.8.Replaced segment restored the normal ROM in flexion and extension.[Conclusion]Cervical arthroplasty using Bryan disc prosthesis can achieve good clinical outcome in treating localized OPLL of cervical spine;and the normal ROM can be retained in the replaced level.

Experimental study of motor and somatosensory evoked potentials on spinal cord injury / 中国矫形外科杂志

[Objective]To evaluate the validity and feasibility of somatosensory evoked potentials(SEP) and transcranial magnetic stimulation motor evoked potential(TMS-MEP) in early decompression of spinal cord injury(SCI). [Method]Thirty-two rabbits fell into four groups randomly. The static load model were used to simulate human SCI. According to the compression time, the animals were divided into 4 groups (control,5min, 15min,30min). In this study, somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) and transcranial magnetic stimulation motor evoked potential (TMS-MEP) were used to assess neurologic function. The EPs were recorded at 5min, 15min, 30min, 60min, 6 hours, 24 hours, 3 days, 7 days post-decompression and before spinal cord injury in injury groups. Latency and amplitude were measured for each wave. Tarlov behaviour score was performed before surgery and after surgery at 1,3,7 days. Histologic studies were performed on part of animals. [Result]Spinal cord compression resulted in a gradual increment in the peak latency and significant decrement in the peak amplitude. After decompression, the recovery of the latency was more obvious than the amplitude in all injury groups, EPs recovered earlier than Tarlov score. [Conclusion]EPs may evaluate the neurologic function of SCI models sensitively and impartially. Dcompression early may promote SCI recovery.